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Approach to the nuclaer safety of the 3rd generation nuclear reactors
Pavlíček, Michal ; Kolář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kolář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Matal, Oldřich (advisor)
The main target of the master´s thesis is reviewing the generation III nuclear reactors in term of the nuclear safety. At first we have to learn some theory of the nuclear safety in order to understand safety systems of the generation III nuclear reactors. Therefore the thesis is divided into two parts. Legislative and technical approaches to nuclear safety are mentioned in the first part. Regulatory bodies, whose task is to supervise nuclear safety in the nuclear power plants, belongs to the legislative approaches. There are defined terms such as defence in depth, redundancy, diversity, etc. There are mentioned methods to assessing nuclear safety – deterministic and probabilistic methods, especially probabilistic methods, for which a simple example is provided. There are also mentioned active and passive safety systems and their significance for nuclear safety and inherent safety too. There is an example of the function of the active and passive safety systems of the EDU nuclear power plant in conclusion of this issue. The second part deals with description of the selected nuclear reactors in context of the construction of the new units of nuclear power plant in Temelín. The nuclear reactors from companies, which applied for the public tender opened by ČEZ, a. s., for the construction of the ETE 3+4. Thus, the nuclear reactor MIR-1200 by ATOMSTROYEXPORT (Russian Federation), the nuclear reactor AP1000 by WESTINGHOUSE (USA) and the nuclear reactor EPR by AREVA (France) are taken into account . Comparison of the generation II and these generation III+ nuclear reactors necessarily belongs to this master´s thesis. These the generation III+ nuclear reactors are compared with the nuclear reactor VVER 440 (EDU) and in particular with the nuclear reactor VVER 1000, which is operated in the nuclear power plant Temelín. The final chapter contains generally appraisal of the whole problem.
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Accelerator Driven Nuclear Power Plants
Jarchovský, Petr ; Krása,, Antonín (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with utilization of spent nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants of new generation – accelerator driven nuclear power plants and of conversion of this fuel into electrical energy. In the introduction are listed basic physical and theoretical knowledge of nuclear reactors along with their basic division and global distribution. As another point accelerator driven systems are described with their brief development and the basic concept and usage on both the nuclear power plants and transmutation technologies. Some global projects are mentioned here dealing with this system and conduct research. More into detail is point about European projects MYRRHA and ESS, because there are important research facilities worldwide. The next are projects with liquid target as a very promising medium. The last part deals with the calculation of basic parameters of ADS in the MCNPX and its applying.
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Probabilistic discrete model of concrete fracturing
Kaděrová, Jana ; Lehký, David (referee) ; Konečný,, Petr (referee) ; Eliáš, Jan (advisor)
The thesis presents results of a numerical study on the performance of 3D discrete meso–scale lattice–particle model of concrete. The existing model was extended by introducing the spatial variability of chosen material parameter in form of random field. An experimental data from bending tests on notched and unnotched beams was exploited for the identification of model parameters as well as for the subsequent validation of its performance. With the basic and the extended randomized version of the model, numerical simulations were calculated so that the influence of the rate of fluctuation of the random field (governed by the correlation length) could be observed. The final part of the thesis describes the region in the beam active during the test in which the most of the fracture energy is released in terms of its size and shape. This region defines the strength of the whole member and as shown in the thesis, it does not have a constant size but it is influenced by the geometrical setup and the correlation length of the random field.
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Simulation of nuclear fuel burn-up during whole fuel cycle
Smola, Luděk ; ČEZ,, Ondřej Zlámal, (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
The main goal of this Bachelor’s thesis is to create a long-term kinetics model of a nuclear reactor – model, which simulates changes in nuclear fuel inside the reactor core during reactor operation. As the term long-term suggests, primarily the changes in whole five-year fuel cycle horizon are studied, which stands for changes in concentration of elements contained within fresh fuel as well as origination of new ones (with special focus on higher actinides and plutonium). This mathematical model is created using the MAPLE 14 software. Outputs from the model are displayed graphically and thoroughly analysed, so that comprehensive conclusions of problems can be made. Furthermore, the thesis contains theoretical and informational background that is necessary for understanding all the aspects of the model – historical development of nuclear reactors, their basic types, nuclear fuel description focusing on fuel for pressurized light-water reactors VVER (for which the model is primarily designed), MOX fuel and possibilities of its utilization, and last but not least – selected topics from nuclear physics.
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Characteristics of mixed building recyclates for subgrade og roads
Junek, Lumír ; Dašek, Ondřej (referee) ; Stehlík, Dušan (advisor)
The work deals with the use of mixed construction recycled material for earth bodies of roads. The theoretical part describes the production, usability and economic evaluation of recycled building materials against common natural materials. It then describes the necessary laboratory tests that examine its properties for the use of these materials in roads. In the last chapter, the work deals with foreign experience with the use of mixed construction recyclates for transport construction. The practical part examines the properties of the given recyclates for their use in the core using tests of soil freezing rate, California bearing ratio and immediate bearing index.
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The frost susceptibility of soils and materials for subgrade of pavements
Puda, Adam ; Pácha, Petr (referee) ; Stehlík, Dušan (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the theoretical part of the deformation caused by frost action, but primarily frost heave, their gradual development and factors affecting their final formation. Furthermore, different ways of measuring the frost susceptibility in the Czech Republic and their comparison. Introduction to the different methods of measuring frost susceptibility in selected countries within the European Union. The practical part is focused on the process of frost heave samples with and without thermal insulation material.
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Numerical hydraulic model of active zone in magnetorheological damper
Regner, Dominik ; Roupec, Jakub (referee) ; Kubík, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of analytic hydraulic model and numerical models of MR damper‘s active zone. Next is the study of the influence of annular gap geometry and rheological properties of MR fluid to damper‘s performance. In the first part, there is the summary of knowledge about MR dampers and used numerical approaches. Next part describes the creation of models and in the final part there is the comparison of these models and validation is completed with data from the real damper. Also, there is an evaluation of results about changes of geometry and rheology.
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Waste building material to subgrade pavement
Masař, Daniel ; Hýzl, Petr (referee) ; Stehlík, Dušan (advisor)
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis searches the production of Construction and demolition waste and their subsequent transformation into the final recyclate and its possible use in roads. Attention is focused on the use of mixed recycled material into subgrade of the pavement and the characteristics of tests that must be performed before its used to the road. The next chapters pai attention to the problematic properties of recyclates, foreign experience with the use of mixed recyclate in Construction and the possibilities of its development. The practical part verifies the suitability of mixed recycled material into subgrade of the pavement using laboratory tests. The tests are performer on individual mixtures of mixed recycled material with cement, blast furnace slag or cement dust in various percentages. The results are then compared and it is evaluated which mixtures show the best properties. Part of the practical part is also the economic evaluation of these mixtures against commonly used materials.
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The waste buildings material to subgrade of the pavement
Ševc, Jan ; Pecha, Karel (referee) ; Stehlík, Dušan (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the use of waste buildings materials to subgrade of the pavement. In detail it deals with monitoring the carrying capacity of the material used to replace unsuitable subgrade mainly of the urban road communications. It practically verifies California bearing ratio and resistance to frost and water of the waste buildings materials firmed by cement for possible use in subbase layers. The amount of residues in recycled bricks is essential for positive results in terms of the properties of materials in subgrade of the pavement.
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